Abstract
Domestic work has gendered meaning and content of both masculinity and femininity is strongly embedded in the cultural context. In our article, across three studies we analyse the perception of household duties and their division between partners in two countries differing with regard to gender equality levels: Norway and Poland. In our Study 1, Polish (N = 64, 40 women, Myearssss = ) and Norwegian (N = 45, 27 women, Mage = ) students rated the typicality of domestic duties for women and men in Poland and in Norway. Our results show that feminine-typed or masculine-typed household duties are perceived as less gendered in Norway than in Poland. In the second Study, using a sample consisting of students and internet users from Poland (N = 207, 92 women, Mage = ) and Norway (N = 126, 85 women, Mage = (SD = ), we investigated whether there are Polish-Norwegian differences with regard to willingness to be more involved in household obligations. Overall, Norwegian men and women were more willing to perform household tasks. This result also found confirmation in results obtained with larger representative samples in Study 3. Using European Social Survey records of 889 Poles (429 women, Mage = ) and 990 Norwegians (452 women, Mage = ) we compared data concerning men’s and women’s perception of their and their partners’ contribution to housework. Our results show that cultural context can relate to the perception of household duties that are perceived more gender-neutral in Norway than in Poland.
Inclusion
Dudes across countries was under pressure so you’re able to follow norms such as for example just like the agency, popularity, quest for high social status, and you may above all prevention out-of femininity (Berent ainsi que al. 2015; Mahalik mais aussi al. 2003). And that being associated with residential efforts are perhaps not considered to be a mans jobs but a beneficial female’s employment, and this dudes must not take part in (Poortman and Van der Lippe 2009; Bosson and Vandello 2013). Brand new the quantity that cleaning try equally split anywhere between female and you will guys relies on the level of gender equality when you look at the confirmed country. Within the places which have large amounts of gender equality, someone do alot more comparable positions on the neighborhood and you will it’s more prevalent for men is focused on domestic works than in places with straight down gender equality (Glick & Fiske, 2001; Timber and you will Eagly 2012). Due to the fact posited by biosocial framework model, social thinking throughout the gender roles talk to mans findings of factors of females and dudes within their community, for this reason if the some one observe female taking good care of students and you may performing domestic errands chances are they think that women are much more suitable for carrying out domestic really works than guys (Eagly and you can Steffen 1984; Wood and you will Eagly 2012). This type of gender part inferences, therefore, bring sex-classified choices that is and additionally manifested in the ladies and you may men’s readiness and obligation are working in home-based works – medical conclusions inevitably reveal that irrespective of gender equivalence levels of the nation, extremely domestic negotiating looks like which have feminine becoming alot more responsible for cleaning (Coltrane 2000; Ehrenberg et al. 2001; Fuwa 2004).
Difference ranging from men’s and you can ladies’ share inside house chores comprises an excellent visible gender gap throughout the family. Which pit is actually specifically obvious whenever efforts are categorized into the male-composed and you may female-blogged housework (Schneider 2012). Based on Tai and you will Treas (2013), there clearly was almost common section off tasks towards the masculine-published (grass functions, slight repairs) and women-authored work (age.grams. laundry, clean up, sick worry) according to studies kuumat chilean-naiset of thirty two countries. The second group of obligations contains chores, that are strongly prevented by guys (Treas and Tai 2010), while they is named big date-taking and you may boring, contrary to masculine-authored employment like domestic repairs, auto resolve, grass work that are sensed way more entertainment and you may episodic (Bianchi mais aussi al. 2006). Apart from the biosocial structure model (Timber and you will Eagly 2012), an alternative possible explanation for why dudes usually avoid performing feminine-typed items is the concern with not being perceived as manly sufficient. Dick is built along the lines of agency and you can an enthusiastic anti-womanliness mandate hence discourages dudes to get involved in affairs hence was female and public such as child care and you can home-based work (Bosson and you may Vandello 2013; Caswell mais aussi al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka ainsi que al. 2016b; Schneider 2012). To prevent cleaning should be for this reason a proven way where men compensate for dangers on their maleness and give a wide berth to bad appraisal off their area members just who anticipate guys as manly and you can avoid women jobs (Caswell et al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka ainsi que al. 2016b). This is why, masculine couples do not use enough express regarding gendered domestic debt, which will allow women is more noticeable on work b).
