As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
It relationship is particularly solid when you look at the Shenzhen
Full, also supportive evidence of good dyadic replace, especially in Shenzhen, i plus get a hold of supportive facts for market replace, just like the migrants may wed a local lover (i.e., in order to create hukou intermarriage) since their training increases. The results strongly recommend a higher likelihood of hukou locality-degree change to possess low-college-knowledgeable migrants inside Shenzhen than in Shanghai, but an identical odds of hukou area-training exchange throughout these several locations to possess university-knowledgeable migrants, and therefore helps Theory step 3 that straight down odds of hukou locality-education change within the Shanghai, compared to Shenzhen, keeps for low-college-experienced migrants however getting school-experienced migrants.
Considering Model 5 out-of Dining table 2 and Figure 2 , regional spouses’ training isn’t from the its journal-likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage, hence matchmaking cannot disagree between them towns and cities
Up until now, you will find experienced only intermarriage between locals and you may migrants, rather than identifying ranging from one or two hukou items. Within test, residents was mainly metropolitan hukou people while migrants primarily hold outlying hukou both in metropolitan areas. Especially, for the Shanghai, from the 85% off neighbors however, no more than 20% off migrants keeps urban hukou. In the Shenzhen, most of the residents keep metropolitan hukou, but only about thirty five% away from migrants was urban hukou holders. The newest logical change away from hukou method of anywhere between neighbors and you may migrants indicates a likelihood of hukou particular change inside inter-hukou-area ine whether hukou type affects all of our overall performance.
First, we glance at this new delivery regarding hukou types of certainly one of intermarriages off hukou locality. Since revealed for the Shape A1, over half this new lovers in which a couple spouses differ within the hukou locality means homogamy with respect to hukou method of. It is in keeping with prior conclusions that every Chinese age hukou style of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & The guy, 2014). An effective gender asymmetric trend out of hukou interong couples related to a migrant partner and you can a community wife, simply eleven% are outlying-husband-urban-partner people while 86% try urban-husband-urban-spouse partners. In contrast, certainly lovers in which the partner is a Shanghai regional citizen while the partner is a good migrant, 45% try urban-husband-rural-partner lovers. Put differently, whenever feminine having Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they tend so you can get married urban migrants, while men with Shanghai hukou who get married migrant female usually get married rural migrants. Inside Shenzhen, it gender development are reduced pronounced: 26% regarding migrant-husband-local-spouse partners has an urban partner and you can a kaunis seksikäs Venezuelan tyttö rural husband, whereas 12% regarding local-husband-migrant-partner people cover a metropolitan partner and you will a rural wife. These types of findings recommend that inside Shanghai relationship field, each other hukou area and you can hukou variety of framework intermarriage designs, but in Shenzhen hukou method of appears shorter very important. It further aids the findings throughout the hukou burden getting healthier in the Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>
